Soluții

Create a Linux Virtual Machine

Step 1: Download and Install Ubuntu

To create a Linux VM,download UBUNTU. You can then choose the 32-bit or 64-bit versions depending on your computer’s architecture. In general, 32-bit architecture is faster than a 64-bit equivalent, but 64-bit enables you to assign much more resources to the system. Often, you’ll select 64-bit for its ability to scale. Simply pick the one that meets your needs.

Step 2: Install the VirtualBox

Download VirtualBox and the Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack that comes with it. Go through the install steps and go with the default values when prompted. Provide permissions to your antivirus and firewalls to run VirtualBox. You may also have to select the folder for installing VirtualBox.

Step 3: Create a Virtual Machine 

  • After installing VirtualBox, double-click on the icon to open it.
  • Following this, name your VM according to a corporate naming convention.
  • Next, select Linux in the type and Ubuntu in the version dropdowns. Remember to select 32-bit or 64-bit, based on what you’ve downloaded.

Now, allocate resources for your VM. The Virtual BOX will ask you to select the memory you want to provide for your VM. This can be a bit tricky. Make sure to add enough memory for your VM and at the same time, leave sufficient for your host OS. If you have many VMs, allocate only the minimum needed to run each at first. You can increase as needed later once you know your resource overheads.

Similarly, create a virtual hard drive for your VM. Decide how much hard drive space your VM needs and choose accordingly. Often, the minimum requirement is between 8GB to 15GB.

Next, select VirtualBox Disk Image (VDI) as the hard disk type.

Step 4: Start the Virtual Machine

To start the VM, click the Start button. When starting the first time, you may see some warnings and errors. Disregard them for now, most are logging missing resource information. Next, you’ll be asked whether you want to try or install Ubuntu. Go with the install option and a wizard will take you through the installation process.

On the first screen, select the two checkboxes and click Continue. On the next screen, select the “Erase disk and install Ubuntu” option. This will only erase the contents of the virtual hard drive you created earlier, and it won’t affect the host OS. Click the Install Now button on the bottom right-hand corner.

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How do you install packages on Linux?

Use apt on Debian-based systems to find and install DEB packages, or dnf (and its predecessor yum) on RPM-based systems like RedHat and Fedora.

  • Ubuntu: Use the Ubuntu Software app to install programs from packages. You’ll find it on the Dock or by searching for software in the Activities search bar.
  • Linux Mint: Use Software Manager, which comes with the Cinnamon desktop environment, to install applications and Flatpak packages. You’ll find it in your menu under Administration > Software Manager, or by typing software manager into the search bar.
  • Any distribution using the GNOME desktop environment: If you’re using Fedora, or any other Linux distribution and have the GNOME desktop environment, you can use the GNOME Software tool to install applications from your distribution’s repositories, as well as Flatpak and Snap packages. Just type software and clicking Software on the Activities screen.
  • Any distribution using the KDE desktop environment: Similar to GNOME, KDE has a software center called Discover.With Discover, you can install applications from your distribution’s own repositories, as well as Flatpak packages, Snaps, Plasma add-ons, and AppImages from store.kde.org.

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How to delete a Directory on Linux

To delete a directory in Linux, you can use the rmdir or rm command. You use the rmdir command to remove an empty directory, while the rm command removes a directory and all its contents.

Using the rm command

Here are the steps to delete a directory in Linux using the rm command:

  1. Open the terminal: To delete a directory in Linux, you need to use the command line. Open the terminal by pressing “Ctrl+Alt+T” on your keyboard or by searching for “terminal” in your system’s application launcher.
  2. Navigate to the directory you want to delete: Use the cd command to navigate to the directory you want to delete. For example, if the directory you want to delete is called my_directory and is located in your home folder, type cd ~/my_directory and press “Enter”.
  3. Check the contents of the directory: Before deleting the directory, it is a good idea to check its contents to make sure you are deleting the right directory. Use the ls command to list the contents of the directory. For example, type ls and press “Enter” to see the files and folders inside the my_directory folder.
  4. Delete the directory and its contents: To delete the directory and all its contents, use the rm command with the -r option, which stands for recursive. Type rm -r my_directory and press “Enter”. You will be prompted to confirm the deletion. Type y and press “Enter” to confirm.
  5. Verify that the directory has been deleted: To verify that the directory has been deleted, use the ls command to list the contents of the parent directory. For example, if the my_directory folder was located in your home folder, type ls ~/ and press “Enter”. The my_directory folder should no longer be listed.
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